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Porae
(POR)
Porae occurs on or near shallow coastal
reefs, usually around areas where there
is also a sandy seafloor. It is most commonly
found in the depth range of 10-60 m, but
can extend out to depths of over 100 m.
Porae
is active during the day and tends to aggregate
to form small to large groups over sandy
areas. Adults are thought to occupy distinctive
home ranges, with individuals residing in
the same area for many years.
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Porbeagle
Shark (POS)
The porbeagle shark (Lamna nasus) is a member
of the family Lamnidae, which also includes
mako, great white, and several other shark
species. Lamnid sharks are typically large,
powerful, active predators.
The
porbeagle shark is an oceanic pelagic species
that prefers temperate to sub-antarctic
waters, tending not to stray into waters
above 19 degrees C.
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Ray's
Bream (RBM)
Ray’s bream has a wide distribution,
being found in the North Atlantic Ocean
and throughout the subtropical to subantarctic
waters of the Southern Hemisphere.
The
average size of Ray’s bream is 40–50
cm, and it reaches about 60 cm.
Ray’s
bream around New Zealand is regularly caught
as bycatch in midwater trawl fisheries for
squid, hoki, and jack mackerels.
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Red
Gurnard (GUR)
Red gurnard is widely distributed throughout
the world and occurs around New Zealand.
It is an abundant species in shallow waters
but occurs in depths up to 180 m.
Red
gurnard reach sexual maturity at an age
of 2-3 years and a fork length (FL) of about
23 cm, after which the growth rate slows.
Growth rate varies with location, and females
grow faster and are usually larger than
males. Maximum age is about 16 years and
maximum size is 55+ cm.
Crustaceans
are the principal food for Red gurnard.
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Red
Snapper (RSN)
Red snapper is found on deep coastal reefs,
often in caves and overhangs, as well as
in open waters to depths of about 400 metres.
There
have been few biological studies on red
snapper in New Zealand. Some informal studies
on age and growth of New Zealand red snapper
suggest that the species may be long-lived,
perhaps to 80 years.
Average
size of red snapper is 30–40 cm, with
a maximum size of 55 cm. Red snapper are
planktonic feeders on crustaceans and small
fish, and appear to be more active at night.
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Rock
Lobster (CRA)
In New Zealand, they are widespread within
the depth range of 5 - 100 m. Rock lobsters
are thought to be slow-growing and long-lived.
Average sizes (except for Otago) are 9 -
11 cm carapace length, 16-17 cm tail length
or 26-28 cm body length and average weight
500 - 750 g.
Feeding
is generally nocturnal; a wide range of
bottom invertebrates and algae are eaten,
with some preference for molluscs and other
crustaceans.
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Snapper
(SNA)
Snapper are widely distributed in the warmer
waters of New Zealand, being most abundant
in the Hauraki Gulf. They are the dominant
fish in northern inshore communities and
occupy a wide range of habitats, including
rocky reefs and areas of sand and mud bottom.
Snapper are demersal fish found down to
depths of about 200 m, but are most abundant
in 15-60 m.
Growth
rate varies geographically and from year
to year. Snapper from Tasman Bay and the
west coast of the North Island grow faster
and reach a larger average size (up to 80
cm and over 10 kg,) than elsewhere.
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Southern
Bluefin Tuna (STN)
Southern bluefin tuna consist of a single
stock primarily distributed between 30º
S and 45º S, which is only known to
spawn in the Indian Ocean south of Java.
Adults are broadly distributed in the South
Atlantic, Indian and South Pacific Oceans,
especially in temperate latitudes while
juveniles occur along the continental shelf
of Western and South Australia and in high
seas areas of the Indian Ocean.
Southern
bluefin tuna caught in the New Zealand EEZ
appear to represent the easternmost extent
of a stock whose centre is in the Indian
Ocean.
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Spiny
Dogfish (SPD)
Spiny dogfish are widely distributed around
the South Island and extend as far north
as Manakau Harbour and East Cape on the
west and east coasts of the North Island
respectively.
They
are found on the continental shelf and upper
slope down to a depth of at least 500 m,
but are most common in depths of 50-150
m.
Spiny
dogfish are born at a size of 18-30 cm total
length. The number of young per litter ranges
from 1 to 19.
The
maximum ages and lengths in a study of east
coast South Island dogfish were 21 years
and 90 cm TL for males, and 26 years and
111 cm TL for females.
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Swordfish
(SWO)
Males are substantially smaller than females
with most males smaller than 189 cm (80%)
while most females (53%) are larger than
189 cm.
Swordfish
are visual predators with a wide temperature
tolerance.
Based
on longline catches, swordfish range from
50º N to 45º S in the western
Pacific Ocean and from 45º N to 35º
S in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
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Trevally
(TRE)
Common around the North Island and northern
half of the South Island but most abundant
along the north-east and north-west coasts
of the North Island to a depth of 80 m.
Trevally
reach well in excess of 40 years of age.
The largest fish are around 60 cm FL and
weigh about 4.5 kg.
Surface
schooling trevally feed on planktonic organisms,
particularly euphausids. On the bottom,
trevally feed on a wide range of invertebrates.
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Yellowfin
Tuna (YFN)
Yellowfin tuna are epi-pelagic opportunistic
predators of fish, crustaceans and cephalopods
found from the surface to depths where low
oxygen levels are limiting (about 250 m
in the tropics but probably deeper in temperate
waters).
Adults
reach a maximum size of 200 kg and lengths
of 239 cm. The maximum reported age is 8
years.
Yellowfin
tuna in New Zealand waters are part of the
western and central Pacific Ocean stock
that is distributed throughout the North
and South Pacific Ocean west of about 150º
W.
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