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Term
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Description
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QAA
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Quota
Appeal Authority:
This
Authority investigates appeals made by fishers regarding the
amount of quota they have been allocated based on their catch
history. This only applies where quota is allocated under
the Fisheries Act 1983. This system does not apply to species
brought into the QMS under the Fisheries Act 1996.
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QMS
|
Quota
Management System:
A
system introduced in 1986, uses Individual Transferable
Quotas (ITQ) to manage New Zealand commercial fisheries
and so ensure sustainable utilisation.
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Quota
|
Right
to harvest a particular species in a defined area, can be
bought or sold and, under the Fisheries Act 1983 can also
be leased.
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Quota
Appeal Authority
|
QAA:
This
Authority investigates appeals made by fishers regarding the
amount of quota they have been allocated based on their catch
history. This only applies where quota is allocated under
the Fisheries Act 1983. This system does not apply to species
brought into the QMS under the Fisheries Act 1996.
|
|
Quota
Management System
|
QMS:
A
system introduced in 1986, uses Individual Transferable
Quotas (ITQ) to manage New Zealand commercial fisheries
and so ensure sustainable utilisation.
|
|
Quota
species
|
A species
for which ITQ has been allocated. At the beginning of 2000
there were 44 quota species.
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top
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Reclamation
|
This
is where shallow marine areas have been built up to create
extra land.
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Recreational
fisher
|
Fishers
that fish for fun, sport or to obtain food for themselves
and their families. Also known as amateur fishers or
anglers.
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Recruitment
|
This
is when fish come into the fishery and are big enough to catch.
Sometimes this is just a question of them growing bigger,
but sometimes fish migrate from one habitat to another.
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Regular
cycles
|
Patterns
of fish stock population stability where annual catches vary,
but monthly catches are seasonal, reflecting each year’s growth
and mortality.
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Renewable
|
Can be
renewed i.e. is inexhaustible or replaceable by new growth.
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Salinity
|
Salt
content.
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Scarcity
|
Insufficiency
of amount or supply.
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SeaFIC
|
New Zealand
Seafood Industry Council.
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Sealord
deal
|
See Treaty
of Waitangi (Fisheries Claims) Settlement Act.
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Set netting
|
A fishing
method where a net is placed in the water with floats at the
top and weights on the bottom. Fish are caught as they swim
into the net.
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Shellfish
|
An aquatic
animal, such as a mollusc or crustacean, that has a shell
or shell-like exoskeleton.
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Siltation
|
The process
of covering or obstructing with silt.
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Single
trawling
|
A fishing
method where a single vessel tows a large netting bag (trawl
net) behind the vessel. (Compare with pair trawling)
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Size
limits
|
These
are imposed on most species to protect fish stocks.
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Sonar
|
Can be
used to measure the density of fish layers under water by
transmitting sound waves.
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Spawning
|
The production
of eggs.
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Spawning
grounds
|
The areas
that a fish stock or species will move to, to spawn.
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Species
|
Living
things, which can interbreed.
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Spotter
planes
|
Planes
that identify the positions of schools of fish. This method
is sometimes used in the kahawai fishery.
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Spotters
|
People
on board a vessel that keep an eye out for marine mammals
and can quickly assist those that get entangled in nets.
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Steady
state
|
A pattern
of population stability where the size and catch remain within
about 25 percent of the long-term-average, or the catch increases
steadily with moderately increasing fishing pressure.
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Stock
enhancement
|
Work
done to build up "wild" stocks. Can involve releasing
hatchery-reared young into the wild or providing additional
protection to naturally spawned juveniles.
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Subantarctic
Water
|
The water
flowing to the South of New Zealand.
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Subtropical
Convergence Zone
|
The line
along which the subantarctic and subtropical waters meet.
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Subtropical
Water
|
The water
coming from the west as the Tasman Current.
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Surimi
|
Minced,
processed fish used in the preparation of imitation seafood,
especially imitation crabmeat, lobster, and scallops.
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Sustainability
|
Maintaining
a population at levels so that exploitation does not affect
its reproductive ability and genetic diversity.
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TAC
|
Total
Allowable Catch:
Total
quantity of each fish stock that can be taken by both commercial
and non-commercial (or amateur) fishers to ensure sustainability
of that fishery.
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TACC
|
Total
Allowable Commercial Catch:
Total
quantity of each fish stock that the commercial fishing industry
can catch that year.
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Tagging
|
Process
where scientists catch fish record their physical characteristics,
tag the fish and release them. When fishers catch tagged fish
they return the tags (and if possible the fish) with information
on the fish and where the fish was caught.
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Territorial
Sea
|
The area
extending from the coastline out to 12 nautical miles (nm).
(Compare with EEZ)
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Throw
netting
|
A method
of fishing where a circular net weighted around the edges
is thrown over fish in the shallows.
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Tidal
pool
|
A pool
affected by the tides.
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Total
Allowable Catch
|
TAC:
Total
quantity of each fish stock that can be taken by both commercial
and non-commercial fishers to ensure sustainability of that
fishery.
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|
Total
Allowable Commercial Catch
|
TACC:
Total
quantity of each fish stock that the commercial fishing industry
can catch that year.
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Trawl
surveys
|
Scientists
catch fish with a trawl net and record what they catch and
note the changes when they fish the same area later.
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Trawling
|
Fishing
methods where a single vessel or a pair of vessels tow a large
netting bag (trawl net) behind the vessel.
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Treaty
of Waitangi (Fisheries Claims) Settlement Act 1992
|
This
Act resulted in Maori claims to commercial fishing rights
being settled by the government helping Maori buy Sealord
Products Ltd, which owns about 25 percent of all fishing quota.
Maori are also be entitled to 20 percent of quota for any
new species brought in under the QMS since this time.
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|
Treaty
of Waitangi Fisheries Commission
|
Te
Ohu Kai Moana:
Main
task is the development of a method for allocation of assets
to iwi, according to the provisions of the Treaty of Waitangi
(Fisheries Claims) Settlement Act, and the Deed of Settlement.
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Trolling
|
A fishing
method where baited hooks or lures are towed behind a vessel.
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Turbidity
|
Muddiness
created by stirring up sediment.
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UNCLOS
|
United
Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea:
This enabled NZ to establish an EEZ out to 200 nautical
miles.
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Undersized
fish
|
Fish
that do not meet the legal size limit for that fish stock.
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Underwater
filming
|
This
assists in the monitoring of stocks. Fish can be filmed up
to 1200 metres below the surface.
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Upwellings
|
Occurs
when the wind blows surface water out to sea and deeper water
moves up to replace it.
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Zooplankton
|
The animal
variety of plankton. These are mainly small crustaceans and
fish larvae. Zooplankton graze on phytoplankton.
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