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Term
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Description
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Limited
fishing zone
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An area
that has specific restrictions applied to it, e.g. only vessels
that fall under a certain size may fish there.
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Limited
licensing
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Only
a certain number or type of licences may be issued for a specific
fishery.
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Longlining
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A fishing
method that consists of a main line running parallel to the
bottom with baited short lines (snoods) attached at intervals.
The line is anchored at each end and held at the surface by
floats.
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MAF
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Ministry
of Agriculture and Forestry
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Marine
farming
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The farming
of fish or shellfish. The most common species currently being
farmed are mussels oysters and salmon. Also known as Aquaculture
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Marine
mammals
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Mammals
such as dolphins, seals and sharks.
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Marine
reserves
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These
are places where all fishing is prohibited to preserve areas
for scientific study of marine life.
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Maximum
Sustainable Yield
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MSY:
The
largest average annual catch that can be taken over time without
reducing the stock’s productive potential.
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MAY
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Maximum
Average Yield:
Average
of a sequence of CAYs.
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MCY
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Maximum
Constant Yield:
The
catch that is estimated to be sustainable with an acceptable
level of risk at all probably future levels of biomass.
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MEY
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Maximum
Economic Yield:
Marginal
cost = marginal revenue i.e. if effort is increased the additional
revenue is less than the additional cost.
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MFish
|
Ministry
of Fisheries – Te Tautiaki i nga tini a Tangaroa.
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Milt
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Fish
sperm.
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Mollusc
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Invertebrate
having a soft unsegmented body usually enclosed in a shell.
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Mortality
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Death
rate.
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MSY
|
Maximum
Sustainable Yield:
The
largest average annual catch that can be taken over time without
reducing the stock’s productive potential.
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Mussel
spat
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Immature
mussels.
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Natural
mortality
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Deaths
from disease or predation.
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NCU
|
National
Compliance Unit:
Part
of the Ministry of Fisheries Compliance Team.
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NIWA
|
National
Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research:
A Crown
Research Institute that carries out a large amount of fisheries
research under contract to the Ministry of Fisheries.
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Non-commercial
fishing
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Recreational
and customary fishing.
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Offal
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The waste
parts of a cleaned fish.
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Offshore
fisheries
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These
are the areas where deepwater species are caught. The Main
concentrations of deepwater species in NZ ‘s EEZ are between
40-55 degrees South. Deepwater fish are harvested at depths
ranging from 200-1000 metres mainly during winter.
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Open
access fishery
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A fishery
without controls. Can lead to over-capitalisation and over-harvesting
of fisheries.
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Otolith
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Part
of the inner ear of the fish important for balance and hearing.
This grows from the centre out in a series of daily rings
and seasonal bands or growth zones. Otoliths can be used to
help idenitfy the age of fish.
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Output
controls
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These
are attempts to control the catch level of a fish stock, e.g.
all forms of quota.
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Overcapitalisation
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Occurs
when too much fishing effort goes into a fishery.
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Overfishing
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Occurs
when the aggregate harvest of a fish stock exceeds the total
allowable catch (TAC)for that stock.
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Pair
trawling
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A fishing
method where two vessels tow a large netting bag (trawl net)
behind them. (Compare with single trawling).
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Pelagic
fish
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Surface
feeding or free swimming fish. (Compare with demersal fish)
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Permits
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A form
of authority issued to commercial fishermen by the Ministry
of Fisheries or an organisation approved by the Ministry.
Can be restricted by type of species able to be targeted,
methods able to be used and areas permitted to fish in.
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Phytoplankton
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Minute,
free-floating aquatic plants
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Plankton
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Simple
forms of life stimulated to grow and multiply by light and
nutrients in the water. Base of the marine food chain.
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Poacher
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A person
who takes fish or shellfish without authority for economic
gain.
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Potting
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These
are fishing methods where pots are made from a steel frame
covered with wire mesh. They are baited with fish and dropped
from the boat on the end of a rope long enough to reach the
bottom. The position of the pot is marked with a float.
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Productivity
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The rate
at which fish stock produces young.
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Proportional
quotas
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These
were introduced in 1990. Quota was made proportional to the
TACC instead of being an exact figure. This meant quota holder’s
allocation could easily be raised or lowered in line with
TACC changes.
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Provisional
quota
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When
the QMS was introduced in 1986, provisional quotas were allocated
to fishers in proportion to their catch history. To reduce
the provisional quotas, so that the total quota issued equalled
the desired TACC for each fish stock, the Government
had to buy up provisional quotas from commercial fishers through
a tender system.
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Purse
seining
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A fishing
method where a net is laid in a circle around a school of
fish and then the bottom is drawn closed, entrapping the fish.
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