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Term
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Description
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Danish
seining
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A method
of fishing where a net bag is operated by a long rope fixed
to each end, the net encircles, herds and traps the fish.
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Declining
fishery
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The state
a fishery is said to be in when a fish stock is overfished.
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Deed
of Settlement 1992
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Signed
in December 1992. Came about through the Treaty of Waitangi
(Fisheries Claims) Settlement Act. Settled Maori claims
to commercial fisheries. This has been supported by more recent
legislation such as the Fisheries Act 1996.
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Deepwater
enterprise allocation system
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This
system was introduced in 1983, it allocated quotas for some
species for a limited period and was a forerunner to today’s
Quota Management System.
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Deepwater
species
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These
species are harvested at depths ranging from 200-1000 metres,
mainly during winter. The main concentrations of deepwater
species in NZ’s EEZ are between 40-55degrees South.
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Demersal
fish
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Bottom
feeding fish.
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Density
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The number
of individuals that may be present in each unit of area.
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top
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Depletion
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The gradual
use or consumption of a resource, especially a natural resource.
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Developing
fishery
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A fishery
where there is a period of low catches followed by a rapid
rise in catches. This may be because a new stock of a known
species has been found, or a new species discovered or because
catching and processing technologies and/or new markets have
developed.
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Dinoflagellates
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One of
the main groups of marine phytoplankton. Some of these tiny
organisms are responsible for red tides/algal booms.
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Distribution
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The way
individual fish of a species are spread through an area.
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DNA
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Deoxyribonucleic
acid.
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Drag
netting
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A fishing
method where a net and length of rope are laid out from and
back to the shore and retrieved by hauling on to the shore.
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Dredging
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A fishing
method used to target scallops and oysters. When dredging
for scallops a rigid steel framed dredge is towed along the
sea floor. When dredging for oysters a steel ring mesh is
used.
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Drift
netting
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A fishing
method used for catching pelagic fish, the vessel remains
tied to one end of the net to stop it drifting too far. Fish
swim into the net and are caught behind the gills.
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Echo
sounders
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An instrument
that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances
in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return.
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Eel weirs
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A type
of fence placed in a stream or river to catch and retain eels.
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top
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EEZ
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Exclusive
Economic Zone:
New
Zealand has a 200 nautical mile (nm) Exclusive Economic Zone
that was declared in 1978. The EEZ formally extends from 12
– 200 nm with the area from the coastline out to 12nm known
as the Territorial Sea.
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Egg production
method
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Using
to estimate the spawning biomass of fish via a probe attached
to a plankton net. This probe measures the depth and temperature
at which the eggs were collected and it is possible from this
info to estimate the total spawning biomass of the fish under
investigation in the area.
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Enhancement
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Work
done to build up "wild" stocks. Can involve releasing
hatchery-reared young into the wild or providing additional
protection to naturally spawned juveniles.
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Estuary
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The wide
part of a river where it nears the sea where fresh and salt
water mix.
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FIB
|
Fishing
Industry Board:
This
organisation represented some sectors of the commercial fishing
industry. A review of this organisation led to the establishment
of the New Zealand Seafood Industry Council (SeaFIC).
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Filter
feeders
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Species
that trap food particles as they pump water through a filter.
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Finfish
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True
fish, as distinguished from shellfish.
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Fish
stock
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A group
of individuals of the same species which are living together
in the same area and can intermingle and interbreed freely.
Different stocks of the same species, e.g. snapper, can be
genetically different.
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Fishery
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A general
term for the combination of fishers, vessels and fishing gear
involved in catching fish from a stock, as well as the fishing
grounds and the catch.
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| Fishing
Industry Association |
A
fishing industry organisation set up to represent the interests
of most of the larger quota holding fishing and processing companies.
This group no longer exists and the representative organisation
for most of those involved in fishing and processing is the
Seafood Industry Council - SeaFIC. |
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Flounder
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Any one
of the species of fish known as flatfish, e.g. black flounder,
brill, greenback flounder, lemon sole, N.Z. sole, sand flounder,
turbot and yellowbelly flounder.
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Foreign
licensed vessel
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A vessel
that is not New Zealand registered, but has a special license
to fish in New Zealand’s EEZ. These licenses are only
granted to countries that the New Zealand Government has special
agreements with.
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Freshwater
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A natural
water resource that is not salty.
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