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Term
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Description
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Acoustic
survey
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High–tech
sonar equipment used to find schools of fish and estimate
the total weight. Sound waves are sent out from a research
vessel, strike schools of fish and are reflected back. As
the energy of the sound waves is known it is possible to estimate
the biomass.
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Added-value
processing
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Processing
of fish before exporting, e.g. processing hoki to fish fingers
or fish cakes.
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Algal
bloom
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This
is a rapid growth increase of algae in an aquatic ecosystem.
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Amateur
fishers
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Fishers
that fish for fun, sport or to obtain food for themselves
and their families. Also known as recreational fishers
or anglers.
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Anglers
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Fishers
that fish for fun, sport or to obtain food for themselves
and their families. Also known as amateur or recreational
fishers.
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Aquaculture
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The farming
of fish or shellfish. The most common species currently being
farmed are mussels, oysters and salmon. Also known as marine
farming.
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Aquatic
Ecosystem
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The natural
systems of interacting aquatic life within the biological
and physical aquatic environment.
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Aquatic
Environment
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The natural
and biological resources comprising any aquatic ecosystem,
including all aquatic life and the oceans, seas, coastal areas,
intertidal areas, estuaries, rivers, lakes and other places
where aquatic life exists.
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Aquatic
Life
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Any species
of plant or animal life, whether living or dead, which at
any stage in its life history, must inhabit water, and includes
seabirds.
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Ballast
water
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Ballast
water is taken on board vessels for stability, steerage, safety,
fuel efficiency and to limit hull stresses. Ballast water
is normally taken on in one port, carried to another, then
discharged as cargo is loaded onto the vessel.
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Beach
seining
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A fishing
method where a net and a length of rope are laid out from
and back to the shore and retrieved by hauling on to the shore.
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Billfish
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These
are species such as marlin and sailfish that have an elongated,
sword-like or spear-like snout and upper jaw.
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Biodiversity
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The continued
existence of the full range of genetic material, species and
ecosystems.
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Biomass
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The sum
of the weight of all fish in a stock.
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BOD
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Biological
Oxygen Demand:
Crude
measure of the quantity of oxygen needed to react with waste
material to incorporate it harmlessly into the environment.
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Bony
fish
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These
fish have a bony skeleton and a single pair of external gill
openings.
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Brackish
water
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A mixture
of freshwater and seawater.
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By-catch
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These
are the other fish species, birds and marine mammals that
fishers may catch while targeting a specific species.
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Cartilaginous
fish
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These
fish have skeletons made of cartilage.
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Catch
per unit of effort
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CPUE:
These
values are obtained by dividing the catch by a measure of
the fishing effort required to catch it.
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CAY
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Current
Annual Yield:
The
one-year catch that can be taken from the stock which, within
an acceptable level of risk, maximises the average catch from
a fishery i.e. a variable catch which fluctuates with the
state of the stock.
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Charter
vessels
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Vessels
that are foreign owned and registered in New Zealand and well
as their country of origin. The vessel will work in New Zealand
waters under contract to a New Zealand fishing company.
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Closed
areas
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Area
where form of restriction applies. For example, some areas
may be closed to all fishers to protect juvenile fish and
local reef species. Others areas may be closed to certain
types of commercial bulk fishing methods eg trawling, but
not to other more targeted types of fishing such as longlining.
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Closed
seasons
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Some
areas are closed for a specific time to protect the fish stocks
by reducing the opportunities people have to fish them.
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Commercial
fisher
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A person
that fishes for a living.
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Competitive
TACC
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If a
competitive TACC is in place for a fishery this means
that the fishery will be closed when the TACC is reached i.e.
the total amount of catch reaches the TACC.
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Continental
shelf
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A submerged
border of a continent that slopes gradually and extends to
a point of steeper descent to the ocean bottom.
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Continental
slope
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The descent
from the continental shelf to the ocean bottom.
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CPUE
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Catch
per Unit of Effort:
These
values are obtained by dividing the catch by a measure of
the fishing effort required to catch it.
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Crustaceans
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These
are mainly aquatic animals with gills and a dorsal carapace
or shell, e.g. crabs, lobsters, shrimps etc.
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Customary
fishing
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Non-commercial
fishing exercised in accordance with tikanga Maori, as outlined
in the customary regulations.
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Customary
regulations
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Either
the Fisheries (Kaimoana Customary Fishing) Regulations 1998
or the Fisheries (South Island Customary Fishing) Regulations
1998.
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