| 2. |
Achievement
Objectives. |
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NCEA
External Achievement Standard - Economics
3.3 |
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Demonstrate
an understanding of allocation via the public
sector. |
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Fact
Sheets |
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How
to help us |
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Marine
biosecurity management |
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Marine
biosecurity research programmes |
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Marine
pests in New Zealand |
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Marine
pests threatening our waters |
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The
organisational structure of marine biosecurity
in New Zealand |
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Protecting
our marine biodiversity |
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What
is marine biodiversity? |
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| 3. |
Activities. |
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the fact sheets to help you undertake the
following activities. |
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1. |
Introduction
- what are biodiversity and biosecurity? |
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Read
the fact sheets "What is marine biodiversity?"
and "Organisational structure of marine
biosecurity in New Zealand".
In
groups or as a class, discuss, create, and
display definitions of biosecurity and biodiversity.
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2. |
How do marine biosecurity threats demonstrate
market failure? |
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As
a class, discuss some recent examples of
biosecurity breaches caused by, for example,
trade, tourism, or transport.
Choose
one marine pest and read about its impact
on a particular New Zealand or overseas
environment.
Using
this marine pest as an example, write a
statement about market failure. For example,
you could write, "If unregulated, the
economic activity of trade causes undesirable
organisms to be introduced."
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3. |
Use a marine pest threat to demonstrate an
externality. |
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Externalities
of production
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+ve
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-ve
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Externalities
of consumption
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+ve
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-ve
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Graph key:
Qs - social quantity
Qm - quantity in market
Pm - price in market
Ps - social price
MC - marginal cost
MSC - marginal social cost
MB - marginal benefit
MSB - marginal social benefit
(Source:
Evans, Geoff. Senior Economics: For Year
13. Auckland: Pearson Education Limited,
2000.)
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Choose one marine pest and find out about
its mode of distribution.
Write
a statement explaining what type of externality
it represents. Draw an appropriate graph
to support your explanation.
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4. |
Suggest workable policies for internalising
externalities. |
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Choose
a specific marine pest and/or the way that
it could come to a foreign port and answer
the following: |
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(a) |
What is the pest? How could it move from
its natural range to a foreign port?
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(b) |
Who benefits from the activity that is the
way it could come to a foreign port?
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(c) |
Who incurs a cost if this pest is released,
and what/how much might that cost be?
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(d) |
Who should pay this cost?
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(e) |
What is a policy/regulation/system that
would practically control or eliminate this
threat? (Examples might be bans, tariffs,
quotas, inspections, and so on.) Support
your suggestion with an appropriate graph.
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(f) |
Does this policy make the person/industry
causing the threat pay the cost of managing
the threat? Therefore, will the externality
be internalised?
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5. |
Examine the government policies and regulations
that relate to marine biodiversity and biosecurity.
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Within
the areas of biodiversity and biosecurity,
give examples of the Government acting in
each of its four roles: |
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(a) |
Allocative - determining how resources are
allocated
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(b) |
Regulatory - establishing basic rules, such
as Acts of Parliament
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(c) |
Distributive - intervention to distribute
income more fairly
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(d) |
Stabilising - intervention in the market
to ensure steady growth
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| 4. |
Useful
Links. |
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www.niwa.co.nz/edu/students. |
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Undaria
- gorse of the sea?. (Link to Department
of Conservation NZ web site) |
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